In case you have engaged yourself in research relating to cryptocurrencies or blockchain, you would have definitely come across terms like layer one and layer two protocols. However, it is possible ...

A consensus mechanism guarantees that every node agrees on a single, consistent, and honest ledger state. Have you ever imagined a world of digital transactions without a central bank? Blockchain ...

When people interact with each other, for example via financial transactions, sharing legal documents or trading through supply chains, they need a high level of confidence that the data recording ...

Blockchain technology is organized into layers, each with a specific role in ensuring security, scalability and efficiency. Layer 0 provides the infrastructure, while layer 1 — e.g., Bitcoin, Ethereum ...

Most of us don't understand money as well as we think we do. The need for more of it tends to grab focus, so we often confuse money with the numbers in our bank accounts or the cash in our wallets. In ...

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a type of neural network that is designed to capture increasingly more complex features within its input data. To do this, CNNs are constructed from a sequence ...

Bruce Schneier is a security technologist who teaches at the Harvard Kennedy School. He is the author, most recently, of Click Here to Kill Everybody: Security and Survival in a Hyper-Connected World.

Blockchains are distributed (i.e., without a single repository) and decentralized digital ledgers that are tamper-evident and resistant. At their most basic level, they allow users to record ...

Blockchains are evolving, and consensus mechanisms are at the heart of it. Here's a quick look at the range of decentralized validation and authentication mechanisms in use today. Blockchain networks ...